Me & Isaac Newton (1999)

Crystal Palace transmitting station

History and development

Crystal Palace Transmitter from southern Anerley

The National athletics stadium with the Transmitter in the background.

The station was constructed in the mid-1950s among the ruins of the Crystal Palace. The Aquarium on which it is mostly built on was partially destroyed in 1941 during the demolition of the Palace’s north water tower. (John Logie Baird’s earlier transmitter and TV studios were a separate development at the other end of the Palace and perished with it in 1936.)

Its new 219-metre (719 ft) tower was the tallest structure in London until the construction of One Canada Square at Canary Wharf in 1991. Despite its size, it has been largely overlooked as a London landmark due to its location and simplicity.[citation needed] It has been nicknamed London’s Eiffel Tower.

When first constructed it only transmitted BBC Television on the old VHF 405-line system. The Croydon transmitter was then built to broadcast ITV. When UHF transmissions started in 1964 first the new BBC2 and later both ITV and BBC1 were then transmitted from Crystal Palace. However, even now Crystal Palace does not transmit analogue Channel 5, this (alone) comes from Croydon about two miles away (although Croydon does have reserve transmitters for ITV and Channel 4, which are only used in the event of a fault or maintenance at Crystal Palace). A couple of years ago[clarification needed] the BBC decided that a complete reserve was also a good idea and now all four services are available from Croydon if required. When UK Digital Switch Over is completed in the London area in 2012 all services will come from Crystal Palace again, but because of the site’s importance Croydon will be able to be used to duplicate the PSB multiplexes in case of emergency. 405-line VHF television was discontinued in 1985, and now the only television broadcasts from Crystal Palace are on UHF.

The station carries the London regions of BBC One, BBC Two, ITV1 and Channel 4 in analogue, each with an effective radiated power of 1 MW, as well as all six digital terrestrial television multiplexes. These have an ERP of 20 kW, with considerable beam tilt to the south and east. Although DTT requires far less power to achieve the same coverage as analogue TV, this 17 dB difference is too large to ensure comparable coverage. The station therefore has a range of about 30 miles (50 km) for DTT, compared with about 60 miles (90 km) for analogue.

The tower is also used for FM radio transmission of several local radio stations BBC London 94.9, XFM, Choice FM and Absolute Radio, as well as a low powered relay of the 4 BBC national FM services and Classic FM. It also has mediumwave transmitters on 558 kHz (Spectrum Radio), 720 kHz (BBC Radio 4) and 1035 kHz (Kismat Radio). Since the tower is grounded, a wire aerial spun close to it is used for the MW services.

Since 1995, the tower has also been in use as one of five London transmitters for the BBC DAB multiplex. This was joined in 1999 by the Digital One DAB service, and a further local DAB multiplex has also since started transmitting.

In May 2006, Crystal Palace began broadcasting the first terrestrial HDTV signals in the UK. This was to enable a trial group of 450 London homes to test HD broadcasts by the BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and Five, in order to assess the viability and potential problems of future nationwide HD broadcasting. On 2 December 2009, the site entered service as one of the first DVB-T2 transmitters in the world, carrying a variant of the BBC’s Multiplex B broadcasting high-definition TV services.

Future developments

The UK Government’s plans for digital switchover are based on the use of almost all of the UK’s current analogue TV transmitter sites. As such, Crystal Palace is expected to remain a key part of the network when the London area is switched over in 2012. In July 2007 it was confirmed by Ofcom that Crystal Palace would be remaining an A group transmitter after DSO (Digital Switchover).

Channels listed by frequency

Analogue radio (AM medium wave)

558 kHz – Spectrum (1 kW)

720 kHz – BBC Radio 4 (750 W)

1035 kHz – Kismat Radio (2.5 kW)

These frequencies were used by Lots Road until Tuesday 25 September 2007.

Analogue radio (FM VHF)

88.8 MHz – BBC Radio 2 # (4 kW)

91.0 MHz – BBC Radio 3 # (4 kW)

93.2 MHz – BBC Radio 4 # (4 kW)

94.9 MHz – BBC London (4 kW)

96.9 MHz – Choice FM (30 W)

98.5 MHz – BBC Radio 1 # (4 kW)

100.6 MHz – Classic FM # (2 kW – Vertical Polarisation only)

104.9 MHz – XFM (2.9 kW)

105.8 MHz – Absolute Radio (3.73 kW)

# Relay of Wrotham

Digital radio (DAB)

Block 11D: 222.064 MHz – Digital One (6.5 kW)

Block 12A: 223.936 MHz – Switch London (2.1 kW)

Block 12B: 225.648 MHz – BBC (10 kW)

Analogue television

UHF 23 (487.25 MHz) – ITV1 London (Carlton Television/London Weekend Television)

UHF 26 (511.25 MHz) – BBC One London

UHF 30 (543.25 MHz) – Channel 4

UHF 33 (567.25 MHz) – BBC Two

All services broadcast at 1000 kW

Digital television

UHF 22 (482 MHz) – Multiplex 2 – Digital 3&4

UHF 25 (506 MHz) – Multiplex 1 – BBC

UHF 28 (530 MHz) – Multiplex B – BBC

UHF 29 (538 MHz) – Multiplex D – National Grid Wireless

UHF 31 (554 MHz) – Multiplex B High Definition – BBC (10KW)

UHF 32 (562 MHz) – Multiplex A – S4C Digital Networks

UHF 34 (578 MHz) – Multiplex C – National Grid Wireless

All multiplexes operate at 20 kW.

See also

London portal

Tall buildings in London

National Grid Wireless (which owns the tower)

Radio masts and towers

List of Towers

List of tallest buildings and structures in Great Britain

List of radio stations in the United Kingdom

References

Notes

^ a b “NGW planning application”. Bromley Council planning portal. 2008-04-23. http://212.85.26.243/WAM/pas/externalCasefile.do?councilName=London Borough of Bromley&appNumber=08/01463/FULL1. Retrieved 2008-09-13. 

^ BBC Milestones. Retrieved 13 Oct 2008

^ “War’s Worst Raid”. TIME. 1941-04-28. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,765495,00.html. Retrieved 2008-05-29. 

^ Pescod, David FRS (2005-02-10). “Correspondence” (PDF). The Linnean (London: Linnean Society of London) 21 (2): 36. http://www.linnean.org/fileadmin/images/Publications/Linnean-21-2__2__web_complete.pdf. Retrieved 2008-05-29. 

^ Glen, Richard E (2003-04-05). “Baird’s independent television”. Transdiffusion Broadcasting System. http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/baird/baird_itv.php. Retrieved 2008-05-29. 

^ Herbert, Ray (July 1998). “Crystal Palace Television Studios”. Soundscapes (Groningen, The Netherlands: University of Groningen) 1 (4). ISSN 1567-7745. http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/VOLUME01/Crystal_Palace.shtml. Retrieved 2008-05-29. 

Bibliography

R H. Evans, The Crystal Palace FM filler experiment, British Broadcasting Corporation, Division of Engineering, Research and Development Department (1996), ASIN B0018RJ1ZY

R. W. Burns, British Television: The Formative Years, IET (1986), ISBN 0863410790

External links

The Transmission Gallery: Crystal Palace Transmitter photographs and information

Pictures and info on Crystal Palace, including co-receivable transmitters

http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=3886

Crystal Palace Transmitter at Structurae

Ofcom local transmitter advice

v  d  e

Television transmitter and relay sites in the United Kingdom

Main Transmitter

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Angus

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Bluebell Hill

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Caldbeck & Sandale

Ainstable   Ballantrae   Barskeoch Hill   Bassenthwaite   Beary Peark (IoM)   Bleachgreen   Cambret Hill   Creetown   Crosby Ravensworth   Crosthwaite   Dentdale   Douglas (IoM)   Dumfries South   Eskdale Green   Foxdale   Glencoyne   Glenluce   Glenmaye (IoM)   Glenridding   Gosforth   Grasmere   Greystoke   Jurby (IoM)   Keswick   Kimmeragh (IoM)   Kirkby Stephen   Kirkcudbright   Langholm   Laxey   Lorton   Lowther Valley   Minnigaff   Moffat   New Galloway   Orton   Pinwherry   Pooley Bridge   Port St Mary (IoM)   Portpatrick   Ramsey (IoM)   Ravenstonedale   St Bees   Sedbergh   Stranraer   Thornhill   Threlkeld   Union Mills (IoM)   Whitehaven   Workington

Caradon Hill

Aveton Gifford   Berrynarbor   Chambercombe   Combe Martin   Compton   Croyde   Downderry   Fowey   Gunnislake   Hartland   Ilfracombe   Ivybridge   Kingsbridge   Looe   Lostwithiel   Marystow   Mevagissey   Modbury   Newton Ferrers   North Hessary Tor   Okehampton   Penaligon Downs   Penryn   Plymouth North Road   Plympton   Polperro   Port Isaac   Salcombe   Slapton   Southway   St.Austell   St.Neot   Tavistock   Truro   Weston Mill   Widecombe in the Moor   Woolacombe

Carmel

Abercraf   Brechfa   Bronwydd Arms   Builth Wells   Cilycwm   Cwm Twrch   Cwmgors   Erwood   Greenhill   Llandrindod Wells   Llanelli   Llansawel   Llanwrtyd Wells   Mynydd Emroch   Penderyn   Rhayader   Talley   Tenby   Ystalyfera

Chatton

Berwick-upon-Tweed   Rothbury   Wooler

Craigkelly

Aberfoyle   Canongate   Dunkeld   Dunkeld Town   Grangemouth   Kinross   Newbattle   Penicuik   West Linton

Crystal Palace

Alexandra Palace   Assendon   Biggin Hill   Bishop’s Stortford   Cane Hill   Caterham   Chepping Wycombe   Chesham   Chingford   Croydon (CH5 transmitter)   Croydon (Old Town)   Dorking   East Grinstead   Edmonton   Farningham   Finchley   Forest Row   Great Missenden   Greenwich   Guildford   Hammersmith   Hampstead Heath   Hemel Hempstead   Henley-on-Thames   Hertford   High Wycombe   Hughenden   Kenley   Kensal Town   Lea Bridge   Marlow Bottom   Micklefield   Mickleham   New Addington   New Barnet   Old Coulsdon   Orpington   Otford   Poplar   Reigate   Skirmett   St.Albans   Sutton   Walthamstow North   Welwyn   West Wycombe   Wonersh   Wooburn   Woolwich   Worlds End

Darvel

Ardentinny   Ardnadam   Arrochar   Ayr South   Blackwaterfoot   Bowmore   Campbeltown   Carradale   Catrine   Claonaig   Dunure   Garelochhead   Girvan   High Keil   Holmhead   Kirkconnel   Kirkmichael   Kirkoswald   Largs   Lethanhill   Lochgoilhead   Lochwinnoch   Millburn Muir   Millport   Muirkirk   New Cumnock   Port Ellen   Portnahaven   Rosneath   Rothesay   Rothesay Town   Sorn   Tighnabruaich   Troon   Wanlockhead   West Kilbride

Divis

Armagh   Banbridge   Bangor   Bellair   Benagh   Black Mountain   Camlough   Carnmoney Hill   Conlig   Cushendall   Cushendun   Draperstown   Dromore   Glenariff   Glynn   Kilkeel   Killowen Mountain   Larne   Leitrim   Moneymore   Newcastle (NI)   Newry North   Newry South   Newtownards   Rostrevor Forest   Whitehead

Dover

Chartham   Dover Town   Elham   Faversham   Folkestone   Horn Street   Hythe   Lydden   Lyminge   Margate   Newnham (Kent)   Ramsgate   Rye   Turnpike Hill

Durris

Balgownie   Banff   Boddam   Braemar   Brechin   Ellon   Gartly Moor   Gourdon   Lumphanan   Peterhead   Rosehearty   Tomintoul   Tullich

Eitshal & Skriaig

Ardintoul   Attadale   Badachro   Borve   Bruernish   Clettraval   Daliburgh   Duncraig   Inverarish   Kilbride   Kylerhea   Lochinver   Lochmaddy   Ness of Lewis   Penifiler   Poolewe   Scoval   Skriaig   Staffin   Tarbert   Uig   Ullapool

Emley Moor

Addingham   Armitage Bridge   Batley   Beecroft Hill   Blackburn in Rotherham   Bradford West   Brockwell   Calver Peak   Chesterfield   Cleckheaton   Conisbrough   Cop Hill   Copley   Cornholme   Cowling   Cragg Vale   Cullingworth   Dronfield   Edale   Elland   Grassington   Hagg Wood   Halifax   Hasland   Headingley   Hebden Bridge   Heyshaw   Holmfield   Holmfirth   Hope     Keighley   Keighley Town   Kettlewell   Longwood Edge   Luddenden   Lydgate   Millhouse Green   Oughtibridge   Oxenhope   Primrose Hill   Ripponden   Shatton Edge   Sheffield   Skipton   Skipton Town   Stocksbridge   Sutton-in-Craven   Tideswell Moor   Todmorden   Totley Rise   Walsden   Walsden South   Wharfedale   Wheatley   Wincobank

Fremont Point

Alderney   Gorey   Les Touillets   St.Brelades   St.Helier   St.Peter Port   Torteval

Hannington

Aldbourne   Alton   Chisbury   Hemdean   Hurstbourne   Lambourn   Luccombe   Sutton Row   The Bournes   Tidworth

Heathfield

East Dean   Eastbourne   Eastbourne (Old Town)   Hamstreet   Hastings   Hastings Old Town   Haywards Heath   Hollington Park   Lamberhurst   Lewes   Mountfield   Newhaven   Sedlescombe   St.Marks   Steyning   Tunbridge Wells   Wye (Ashford)

Huntshaw Cross

Barnstaple   Braunton   Brushford   Chagford   Great Torrington   Muddiford   North Bovey   Swimbridge   Tedburn St Mary   Westward Ho!

Knock More

Aviemore   Avoch   Balblair Wood   Craigellachie   Grantown   Kingussie   Lairg

Limavady

Ballintoy   Ballycastle   Buckna   Bushmills   Castlederg   Claudy   Glenelly Valley   Gortnageeragh   Gortnalee   Londonderry   Muldonagh   Plumbridge   Strabane

Llanddona

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Mendip

Avening   Backwell   Bath   Blakeney   Box   Bristol Barton House   Bristol Warmley   Bruton   Burrington   Calne   Carhampton   Cerne Abbas   Chalford   Chalford Vale   Chepstow   Chilfrome   Chiseldon   Chitterne   Cirencester   Clearwell   Coleford   Corsham   Countisbury   Crewkerne   Crockerton   Dursley   Easter Compton   Exford   Frome   Hutton   Ilchester Crescent   Kewstoke   Kilve   Kings Weston Hill   Lydbrook   Marlborough   Monksilver   Montpelier   Nailsworth   Ogbourne St.George   Parkend   Pillowell   Porlock   Portbury   Portishead   Redbrook   Redcliff Bay   Roadwater   Seagry Court   Siston   Slad   Stroud   Tintern   Ubley   Upavon   Washford   West Lavington   Westwood   Woodcombe   Wootton Courtenay

Midhurst

Haslemere

Moel-y-parc

Bagillt   Bala   Betws-yn-Rhos   Cefn-Mawr   Cerrigydrudion   Cyffylliog   Fflint   Glyn Ceiriog   Glyndyfrdwy   Holywell   Llanarmon-yn-Ial   Llandderfel   Llanddulas   Llangernyw   Llangollen   Llanuwchllyn   Pen-y-Banc   Pontfadog   Pwll-glas   Storeton Wales   Wrexham-Rhos

Oxford

Ascott-under-Wychwood   Charlbury

Pontop Pike

Allenheads   Alston   Bellingham   Blaydon   Byrness   Catton Beacon   Durham   Esh   Falstone   Felling   Fenham   Haltwhistle   Haydon Bridge   Hedleyhope   Humshaugh   Ireshopeburn   Kielder   Morpeth   Newton   Seaham   Shotleyfield   Staithes   Sunderland   Wall   Weardale   Whitaside

Presely

Abergwynfi   Broad Haven   Bronnant   Croeserw   Cynwyl Elfed   Dolgellau   Duffryn   Ferryside   Glyncorrwg   Haverfordwest   Llandyfriog   Llandysul   Llangranog   Llangybi   Llwyn Onn   Mynydd Pencarreg   Newport Bay   Pembroke Dock   Pencader   Rheola   St.Davids   St.Dogmaels   Trefin   Tregaron

Ridge Hill

Andoversford   Eardiston   Ewyas Harold   Garth Hill   Hazler Hill   Hereford   Hope under Dinmore   Kington   Knucklas   Ludlow   New Radnor   Oakeley Mynd   Peterchurch   Presteigne   Ross-on-Wye   St.Briavels   Upper Soudley

Redruth

Alverton   Boscastle   Bossiney   Gulval   Helston   Isles of Scilly   Perranporth   Porthleven   Porthtowan   Portreath   Praa Sands   St Anthony-in-Roseland   St Just

Rosemarkie

Auchmore Wood   Cromarty   Fodderty   Fort Augustus   Glen Convinth   Glen Urquhart   Inverness   Tomatin   Tomich   Tomich Link   Wester Erchite

Rowridge

Bevendean   Bovington   Brading   Brighstone   Brighton (Central)   Brighton (Whitehawk Hill)   Canford Heath   Cheselbourne   Coldean   Corfe Castle   Donhead   Findon   Hangleton   Horndean   Hythe (Hants)   Lulworth   Luscombe Valley   Millbrook   North Winchester   Ovingdean   Patcham   Piddletrenthide   Poole   Portslade   Poulner   Salisbury   Saltdean   Shrewton   Singleton   Till Valley   Ventnor   Westbourne   Winterborne Stickland   Winterbourne Steepleton

Rumster Forest

Ben Tongue   Durness   Melvich   Thurso

Sandy Heath

Dallington Park   Kimpton   Luton

Selkirk

Bonchester Bridge   Clovenfords   Eyemouth   Galashiels   Hawick   Innerleithen   Jedburgh   Lauder   Peebles   Stow   Yetholm

Stockland Hill

Bampton   Beaminster   Beer   Bincombe Hill   Branscombe   Bridport   Charmouth   Chideock   Crediton   Culm Valley   Dawlish   Dunsford   Exeter St Thomas   Honiton   Pennsylvania   Preston   Rampisham UHF   Stokeinteignhead   Tiverton   Weymouth

Sudbury

Felixstowe   Ipswich   Somersham   Wivenhoe Park   Woodbridge

Sutton Coldfield

Allesley Park   Brailes   Bretch Hill   Bridgnorth   Brierley Hill   Bromsgrove   Cheadle   Earl Sterndale   Edgbaston   Fenton   Gib Heath   Gravelly Hill   Guiting Power   Hamstead   Harborne   Hartington   Icomb Hill   Ipstones Edge   Ironbridge   Kenilworth   Kidderminster   Kinver   Lark Stoke   Leamington Spa   Leek   Lichfield (CH5 transmitter)   Long Compton   Malvern   Oakamoor   Over Norton   Perry Beeches   Queslett   Redditch   Repton   Rugeley   Tenbury Wells   Turves Green   Whittingslow   Winchcombe   Winshill   Woodford Halse

Tacolneston

Aldeburgh   Bramford   Burnham   Bury St.Edmunds   Creake   Gorleston   King’s Lynn   Linnet Valley   Little Walsingham   Norwich (Central)   Overstrand   Thetford   Wells-next-the-Sea   West Runton

Waltham

Ambergate   Ashbourne   Ashford-in-Water   Belper   Birchover   Bolehill   Darley Dale   Derby   Eastwood   Leicester City   Little Eaton   Matlock   Nottingham   Parwich   Stamford   Stanton Moor

Wenvoe

Aberbeeg   Abercynon   Aberdare   Abergavenny   Abertillery   Abertridwr   Alltwen   Bargoed   Bedlinog   Blackmill   Blaenau Gwent   Blaenavon   Blaenllechau   Blaina   Brecon   Briton Ferry   Burry Port   Cilfrew   Clydach   Clyro   Craig-Cefn-Parc   Crickhowell   Crucorney   Crumlin   Cwm Ffrwd-oer   Cwmafon   Cwmaman   Cwmfelinfach   Deri   Dowlais   Ebbw Vale   Ebbw Vale South   Efail Fach   Ferndale   Fernhill   Gelli-fendigaid   Gilfach   Kilvey Hill   Llanfach   Llanfoist   Llangeinor   Llanharan   Llanhilleth   Llyswen   Machen Upper   Maesteg   Merthyr Tydfil   Monmouth   Mynydd Bach   Mynydd Machen   Nant-y-Moel   Nantyglo   Neath Abbey   Ogmore Vale   Pennar   Pennorth   Penrhiwceiber   Pontardawe   Pontypool   Pontypridd   Porth   Rhondda   Rhondda B   Rhondda Fach   Rhymney   Risca   Sennybridge   South Maesteg   South Tredegar   Taffs Well   Ton Pentre   Tonypandy   Tonyrefail   Trebanog   Trecastle   Trefechan   Treharris   Tynewydd   Upper Killay   Usk   Van Terrace   Wattsville   Ynys Owen

Winter Hill

Austwick   Backbarrow   Bacup   Barrow Town Hall   Bidston   Birch Vale   Blackburn   Bollington   Brinscall   Broadbottom   Brook Bottom   Burbage   Buxton   Cartmel   Chaigley   Chatburn   Chinley   Congleton   Coniston High Man   Dalton   Darwen   Delph   Dog Hill   Elton   Far Highfield   Glossop   Haslingden   Haughton Green   Hawkshead   Hulme   Kendal   Kendal Fell   Ladder Hill   Lancaster   Langley   Lees   Littleborough   Macclesfield   Melling   Middleton   Millom Park   Millthrop   Moss Bank   Mottram   Newchurch   Norden   North Oldham   Oakenhead   Over Biddulph   Parbold   Pendle Forest   Penny Bridge   Portwood   Prestbury   Ramsbottom   Ribblesdale   Romiley   Roose   Saddleworth   Staveley-in-Cartmel   Storeton   Trawden   Urswick   Walton-le-Dale   Wardle   West Kirby   Whaley Bridge   Whalley   Whitewell   Whitworth   Windermere   Woodnook

The Wrekin

Bucknell   Clun   Coalbrookdale   Haden Hill   Halesowen

v  d  e

Supertall structures

Towers

Almaty Tower  Aspire Tower  Atlanta Turner Broadcasting Tower  Azeri TV Tower  Berliner Fernsehturm  Burj Khalifa  China Central Television Tower  CN Tower  Eiffel Tower  Emley Moor transmitting station  Europaturm  Fazilka TV Tower  Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower  Jiangsu Nanjing TV Tower  KCTV Tower  Kiev TV Tower  Kuala Lumpur Tower  Kuwait Telecommunications Tower  Liaoning Broadcast and TV Tower  Long Ta  Macau Tower  Milad Tower  Mumbai Television Tower  Oriental Pearl Tower  Ostankino Tower  Riga Radio and TV Tower  Sky Tower  Saint Petersburg TV Tower  Sint-Pieters-Leeuw Tower  Stratosphere Las Vegas  Sydney Tower  Tallinn TV Tower  Tashkent Tower  Tianjin Radio and Television Tower  Tortoise Mountain TV Tower  Yerevan TV Tower  Vilnius TV Tower  West Pearl Tower  WHDH-TV Tower  WITI TV Tower  WSB TV Tower

Bridges

Millau Viaduct  Sutong Bridge

Dams

Jinping  Nurek Dam

Electricity pylons

Yangtze River Crossing

Oil platforms

Petronius  Baldpate Platform  Bullwinkle  Troll A platform  Gullfaks C

All structures   Freestanding structures   Buildings and structures

Coordinates: 512527 0430 / 51.42417N 0.075W / 51.42417; -0.075

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